Патрон МАГа мощнее, а сам он надёжнее.
По нижеприведенным данным патрон 7.62х54 всё же мощнее.
7.62 × 51 mm cartridge
Synonyms
7.62 mm NATO; 0.308 Winchester
Armament
All weapons chambered to NATO standard dimensions; notably FN Fal, G3, M14, BM59 rifles, FN Mag, L4, MG3, M60 machine guns
Development
The 7.62 × 51 mm cartridge was devised in the early 1950s as a compromise between the full-sized 0.30-06 and a proposed British 7 mm round; it is little more than the 0.30-06 with a shortened case. Improvements in powder technology allowed the new round to retain the same ballistics as the 0.30-06. Nevertheless, many of its competitors were far more advanced. The USA used its considerable influence to override all allied objections, and the 7.62 × 51 mm became NATO standard. The 7.62 mm NATO cartridge is too powerful to be a practical assault-rifle round, resulting in the development of the 5.56 × 45 mm cartridge only a few years after its adoption. The 7.62 mm NATO cartridge remains in wide distribution for use in general-purpose machine guns and sniper rifles.
Description
The case is rimless and bottlenecked, brass or lacquered steel, Berdan or Boxer primed. Cartridges manufactured to the relevant NATO specification are marked with a cross-in-circle symbol on the head, forming part of the national pattern of headstamp. The standard ball bullet is lead-antimony cored in a gilded-metal coated-steel jacket.
Specifications
US Ball M80
Round length: 69.85 mm
Case length: 51.05 mm
Rim diameter: 11.94 mm
Bullet diameter: 7.82 mm
Bullet weight: 9.65 g
Muzzle velocity: 854 m/s
Muzzle energy: 3,519 J
ISRAEL
Manufacturer
Israel Military Industries (IMI)
Type: Ball M80: FMJ; 9.72 g; MV 852 m/s
Tracer M62: FMJ; 9 g; MV 837 m/s
AP M61: FMJ; steel core; 9.91 g; MV 852 m/s
HP test: FMJ; 9.72 g; pressure 4,746 kg/cm2
Grenade-launcher: Crimped; pressure 850 kg/cm2
Ball 30AM: FMJ, SL; 9.72 g; MV 853 m/s
Ball 30CM: JSP, SL; 9.72 g; MV 853 m/s
Ball 33CM: JSP, SL; 10.69 g; MV 823 m/s
Ball 36CM: JSP, SL; 11.66 g; MV 792 m/s
7.62 × 54R mm cartridge
Synonyms
7.62 mm Mosin Nagant; 7.62 × 53R; 7.62 mm Soviet rimmed; 7.62 mm M1891
Armament
All Russian and Soviet Mosin-Nagant bolt-action rifles; SVD (Dragunov) sniper rifle; SV-98 sniper rifle; DP, DT, RP-46, SG-43, SGM and PK/PKM machine guns.
Development
The 7.62 mm Mosin-Nagant is the oldest cartridge still in first-line service, having been introduced into Russian service in 1891 with the Mosin-Nagant `three-line' rifle. It was adopted as the standard infantry cartridge for subsequent rifles and machine guns, and since it has superior long-range performance over the 7.62 × 39 mm cartridge, it has been kept in use for general-purpose machine guns and sniper rifles. It has also been adopted by other countries using Russian weapons, particularly China and Finland, but may now be found anywhere, especially where Soviet or Chinese influences distributed the appropriate weapons.
Description
The case is rimmed and bottlenecked and may be of brass-coated or copper-coated steel. The base is part-convex, with a Berdan or Boxer primer. A variety of bullets have been used over the years, but the current standards are the boat-tail ball LPS, steel-cored with a Gilding-Metal Clad Steel (GMCS) jacket, and the heavy ball D, streamlined and with a lead core in a GMCS jacket.
Specifications
Heavy ball D
Round length: 76.7 mm
Case length: 53.6 mm
Rim diameter: 14.3 mm
Bullet diameter: 7.87 mm
Bullet weight: 11.98 g
Muzzle Velocity (MV): 804 m/s
Muzzle energy: 3,814 J